[
  {
    "author": "ChronologiaOS editorial guides",
    "date": "2026-10-07",
    "department": "Writing & Languages",
    "department_id": "WRITING",
    "epistemic_label": "Source guide",
    "epistemic_status": "SOURCE_GUIDE",
    "period": "196 BCE",
    "place": "Egypt",
    "public_sources": [
      {
        "publisher": "British Museum",
        "title": "Rosetta Stone \u00b7 collection record EA24",
        "type": "Museum object record",
        "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA24"
      },
      {
        "publisher": "British Museum",
        "title": "The Rosetta Stone: everything you need to know",
        "type": "Curatorial introduction",
        "url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/everything-you-ever-wanted-know-about-rosetta-stone"
      }
    ],
    "publication_state": "PUBLIC",
    "read_time": "3 min read",
    "sections": [
      {
        "body": "The British Museum records a decree written on the Rosetta Stone in hieroglyphic, Demotic, and Greek scripts. Its collection record dates the object to 196 BCE.",
        "heading": "Start with what survives",
        "source": 0
      },
      {
        "body": "Because scholars could read Greek, the parallel inscriptions helped them investigate the Egyptian writing. The stone became an important part of decipherment, rather than a self-contained dictionary.",
        "heading": "Why comparison matters",
        "source": 1
      },
      {
        "body": "Open the collection record and separate the object's date, inscription, and later history. Ask which details are directly visible and which depend on translation or comparison. That distinction is useful whenever a historical claim starts with a text.",
        "heading": "Try the research habit"
      },
      {
        "body": "What would you need to interpret an inscription without a parallel text? Think about repeated signs, names, context, and other witnesses before proposing a reading.",
        "heading": "A question to carry forward"
      }
    ],
    "short_title": "How do you read a lost script?",
    "slug": "rosetta-stone-reading-across-scripts",
    "summary": "Begin with the Rosetta Stone: see how comparison turns an inscription into a research question you can follow.",
    "tags": [
      "Writing",
      "Egypt",
      "Decipherment",
      "Rosetta"
    ],
    "title": "One decree. Three scripts. A way back into a language."
  },
  {
    "author": "ChronologiaOS editorial guides",
    "date": "2026-10-07",
    "department": "Cities & Civilizations",
    "department_id": "CITIES",
    "epistemic_label": "Source guide",
    "epistemic_status": "SOURCE_GUIDE",
    "period": "c. 3000\u20131800 BCE",
    "place": "Supe Valley, Peru",
    "public_sources": [
      {
        "publisher": "UNESCO World Heritage Centre",
        "title": "Sacred City of Caral-Supe \u00b7 World Heritage record 1269",
        "type": "Site record and nomination materials",
        "url": "https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1269/"
      }
    ],
    "publication_state": "PUBLIC",
    "read_time": "3 min read",
    "sections": [
      {
        "body": "UNESCO describes Caral-Supe as an early urban center in Peru's Supe Valley, with monumental platform mounds and sunken circular courts. Its account places the site's development broadly between 3000 and 1800 BCE, citing radiocarbon evidence.",
        "heading": "Begin with a place",
        "source": 0
      },
      {
        "body": "A broad period helps orient a reader; it does not mean every building or activity has the same date. Compare the source's dating discussion with its architectural description before turning a range into a precise event.",
        "heading": "Read a date as a range"
      },
      {
        "body": "Putting two societies on the same timeline can reveal a useful question. A claim that they exchanged ideas needs its own evidence: a route, a material trail, a text, or another defensible connection. Shared dates alone do not supply that connection.",
        "heading": "Compare without inventing a route"
      },
      {
        "body": "Use the UNESCO description as an orientation point, then open the site's nomination materials for more detail. Keep the geographic setting and the evidence for chronology beside the story you are building.",
        "heading": "Continue the investigation"
      }
    ],
    "short_title": "Where do cities begin?",
    "slug": "caral-seeing-early-cities-in-context",
    "summary": "Visit an early urban center in Peru and learn why a shared timeline helps us compare societies without assuming a connection.",
    "tags": [
      "Caral",
      "Andes",
      "Cities",
      "Chronology"
    ],
    "title": "Caral: a wider map of early urban life."
  },
  {
    "author": "ChronologiaOS editorial guides",
    "date": "2026-10-07",
    "department": "Technology & Astronomy",
    "department_id": "TECHNOLOGY",
    "epistemic_label": "Source guide",
    "epistemic_status": "SOURCE_GUIDE",
    "period": "Ancient Greek world",
    "place": "Eastern Mediterranean",
    "public_sources": [
      {
        "publisher": "Freeth et al. \u00b7 Scientific Reports, 2021",
        "title": "A Model of the Cosmos in the ancient Greek Antikythera Mechanism",
        "type": "Primary research paper",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7955085/"
      },
      {
        "publisher": "Scientific Reports, 2021",
        "title": "Author Correction: A Model of the Cosmos",
        "type": "Published correction",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8385020/"
      }
    ],
    "publication_state": "PUBLIC",
    "read_time": "3 min read",
    "sections": [
      {
        "body": "The 2021 Antikythera study describes an ancient Greek astronomical calculator preserved in 82 fragments, with about a third of the original surviving. The remains include bronze gears and inscriptions.",
        "heading": "The surviving object",
        "source": 0
      },
      {
        "body": "The authors use physical evidence and inscription readings to propose a reconstruction of the front display. This is a research model for missing parts, not a newly recovered complete machine.",
        "heading": "A model is a proposal",
        "source": 0
      },
      {
        "body": "Trace one proposed part back to the evidence that constrains it. What comes from a surviving fragment? What comes from a text? What depends on an assumption? A model becomes easier to evaluate when those layers stay visible.",
        "heading": "Test the reconstruction"
      },
      {
        "body": "Read the paper alongside its published correction and look for which conclusions the available material can support. An impressive visualization can explain a proposal; it cannot replace the evidence for it.",
        "heading": "Keep the record open"
      }
    ],
    "short_title": "Can fragments reveal a machine?",
    "slug": "antikythera-fragments-and-reconstruction",
    "summary": "Follow the evidence behind an ancient astronomical mechanism and distinguish surviving material from a proposed reconstruction.",
    "tags": [
      "Antikythera",
      "Astronomy",
      "Technology",
      "Reconstruction"
    ],
    "title": "Antikythera: how much can a fragment reveal?"
  }
]